{VERSION 3 0 "IBM INTEL NT" "3.0" } {USTYLETAB {CSTYLE "Maple Input" -1 0 "Courier" 0 1 255 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 }{CSTYLE "" -1 256 "" 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 } {PSTYLE "Normal" -1 0 1 {CSTYLE "" -1 -1 "" 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 }0 0 0 -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 }{PSTYLE "Maple Output" 0 11 1 {CSTYLE "" -1 -1 "" 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 }3 3 0 -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 }} {SECT 0 {EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT 256 14 "WORKED EXAMPLE" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 30 "Consider the nonlinear system\n" }{OLE 1 4108 1 "[xm]Br=WfoRrB:::wk;nyyI;G:;:j::>:B>N:F:nyyyyy]::yyyyyy::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::fyyyyya:nYf: :G:jy;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::JcvGYMt>^:fBWMtNHm=;:::::::n:;JZC:bKB::>f >on>XxWnq;V:>r>Z:j:vCSmlJ::::::::::OJ;@jyyyyyy;jysy;Z:::::::^<>:F::]KR nC=MtFGgml>:;::::::JGN:ry:>:<::::::=J:^J>:F:AlqfG[maNFO=;::::::::_J;vy yuy:>:<::::::AZ:^E>:nYN:J:W:YJ:>\\:B:]:_J:n YvY::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::F:DZ:B::::::::::>JAFX?b[Qc >AVX@JSHrvTJ;:N\\=Hi:tZd:Xb[og]gffk=v:;J:::: :j:Z::::::::jysyA:CB:F:;jysy?:;:=CJ@H:=j>r:GV::EJ:F[B :;xyMxy;s;MC;Q:G;Sj`@@J:>v:f:J;D_mlVH[KRJ:<:::::::>=?R:>:?J:< jysy;J:<::::::EZ:^`=B:<:?ja:[LsjsJRJ:<:::::::>=;jysy:>:<::::::wqy[:::: :::::::::vYxI:;Z::::::::::::::::::::yay=J:B::::::::jBjwEJ:uI;B:>l;>Z:b :DJ:f<l;F:>ZIOo>JSj[Lj:>:k=JSJuTj:jvNOJSVs=>E=:m=JSjJIj:>:m=JSJ^Qj:JvJBB:qAB:>l ;>:DZaTXDpql`h`:f?;Jl;Z:b:^DP@::jP@j:^:>X;j>>:_ keff=FZ:B:l;Z:b::::ML:C:[q:F;;JSdjIHj@Uj:B:<:sg:B:=b:?bBaTXaEWEUUtP " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 13 "with(linalg):" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 30 "Enter the equations as follows" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 10 "f:=-2*x+y;" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 10 "g:=-y+x^2;" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 36 "The equilib rium points are given by " }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 23 "solve(\{f=0,g=0\},\{x,y\});" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 41 "The equilibrium points are( , ) and ( , )" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 107 "To find the Jacobian matrix of the system of equation s first represent the equations as a vector as follows" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 9 "v:=[f,g];" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 " " {TEXT -1 26 "Use the \"jacobian\" command" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 21 "J:=jacobian(v,[x,y]);" }}{PARA 11 "" 1 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 37 "At (0,0) substitute t he coordinates" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 28 "J00:=subs (x=0,y=0,evalm(J));" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 39 "The linear isation at (0,0) is therefore" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 21 " \+ " }{OLE 1 4108 1 "[xm]Br=WfoRrB:::wk;nyyI;G:;:j::>:B>N:F: nyyyyy]::yyyyyy::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::fyyyyya:nYf::G:jy;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::JcvGYMt>^:fBWMtNHm=;::::::: n:;JZC:bKB::>f>on>XxWnq;V:>b>B:<:=ja^GE=;:::::::::N;?R:y yyyyyA:yayA:<::::::JDJ:j::F@[KaFFcmnnHEM:>:::::::oJ;Zy=J:B::::::F:;JlJ :j:VBYmp>HYLkNG>::::::::Nj>J?> :QJ:^;f;;JAjA>:[B:AVW?b[Qc>AfW@JSHRuTJ;:N\\=ph:>:;r;R:[DZGcMB::::::::::FZ :nyyYZDjysyQj;J:>R<:TNC>:UTRcETcTX[US;SK]UW=EWMuUWm>j\\@A:::cYH_WV>Z:: ::::::jysyA:CB:F:;jysy?:;:wy;fb>JHE:=j>r:WT:N:e:;j<>:Mb:>Z:^::;H:EZ:F;NZ:vCS=[LsfFaMR>@>Z::::::::kJ;@:;J;>Z:vYxY:>Z ::::::jD_=a=[;;B:::::::JF>:yay=J:B::::::nyyyYB::::::::::: ::yay=J:B:::::::::::::::::::jysy:>:<::::::::Fjx]:JBAZ:b:DJ:JSvk=^F=:G;eZ:VY;><:[V:=:;b:^dc gg_WhZnc_whZNdigg[oGSKJSjILj:>:e=JSJWTj:>: gMOG;N@qv:ck:Ju:N@Fe=F:;JuJBB:qAB:>l;>:DZaTXDpql`h`:f?;Jl; Z:b:^DP@::jP@j:^:>X;j>>:_kgFe=F:r:N;<:C:[q:VZ:B:;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::3:" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 35 "At (2,4) sub stitute the coordinates" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 28 " J24:=subs(x=2,y=4,evalm(J));" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 49 "T he linearisation at the point (2,4) is therefore" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 22 " " }{OLE 1 4108 1 "[xm]Br=WfoRrB:::w k;nyyI;G:;:j::>:B>N:F:nyyyyy]::yyyyyy::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::fyyyyya:nYf::G:jy;:::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::JcvGY Mt>^:fBWMtNHm=;:::::::n:;JZC:bKB::>f>on>XxWnq;V:>b>B:<:= ja^GE=;:::::::::N;?R:yyyyyyA:yayA:<::::::JDJ:j::F@[KaFFcmnnHEM:>:::::: :oJ;Zy=J:B::::::F:;JlJ:j:VBYmp>HYLkNG>::::::::Nj>J?>:QJ:^;f;;JAjA>:[B:AVW?b[Qc>AfW@JSHRuTJ;:KFG_rZe]gN \\=ph:>:[DZGcMB::::::::::F:wyyAb:;`:Z@O<;j`@Pt\\Pd`QrPPJPnrPq jLqnxPqF;fbk;::JtaMSAA;B::::::::vYxy;J<<:=J:vYxY;J:JyY:ED;>r:Mb:>Z:^:JZyy\\yiAfn=V;n>^;UTR:;JZ=j@[;; 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