{VERSION 3 0 "IBM INTEL NT" "3.0" } {USTYLETAB {CSTYLE "Maple Input" -1 0 "Courier" 0 1 255 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 }{CSTYLE "" -1 256 "" 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 } {PSTYLE "Normal" -1 0 1 {CSTYLE "" -1 -1 "" 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 }0 0 0 -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 }{PSTYLE "Maple Output" 0 11 1 {CSTYLE "" -1 -1 "" 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 }3 3 0 -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 }} {SECT 0 {EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT 256 14 "WORKED EXAMPLE" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 30 "Consider the nonlinear system\n" }{OLE 1 4116 1 "[xm]Br=WfoRrB:::wk;nyyI;G:;:j::>:B>N:F:nyyyyy]::yyyyyy::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::fyyyyya:nYf: :G:jy;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::JcvGYMt>^:fBWMtNHm=;:::::::n:;JZC:bKB::>b FVsdVmHoq;V:>r>B:<:=ja^GE=;:::::::::N;?R:yyyyyyA:yayA:<::::::JDJ:j::F@ [KaFFcmnnHEM:>:::::::oJ;Zy=J:B::::::F:;JHYLkNG>::::::::N;N;;Jyk?J@>:UJ:n;v;;JB:;::::: =B:wyyAb:;P:<:TNC>:UTRcETcTX[US;SK]UW=EWMuUWm>j\\@A:::cYH_WV; J:<::::::::yayY:^Z:j:>:yayQ:>:F^BJcM:Sr:F:MZ=nj;B:?jDJ:f:;j>D:Z:^:n_;>=E:]c:=Z:f:V[f>>fAn;n^@v;_jysy;B:KZ:> ryIsyA^AF_>V;n>^;UTR:;Jj=j@[;;B:::::::JFNZ;J:N:;B:y ayA:;B::::::f:D_=a=[;;B:::::::JF>:yay=J:B::::::nYyA<::::: :::::::jysy:>:<:::::::::::::::::::vYxI:;Z:::::::::]:qi:;fy>Z:JBAJ:UDO;SKkEW_URxLj:F;>:::::::::::N@yw:gm:J MjDB:qQ:[:JBAj:J:D:cTTUUSaEBWTSiEB_tUUURWmDDJ<<:Uk:^:>x;j>>:_ke@J`F:I:_;ge;=:mMO;_k_IJfF:FI:_;=w:=J:FI:_;KX;=:k=[Z:VYZ:JBAJ: b:DZJVdscRYEUtT:C:[q:F;;JSdje^e;FZ:>Z:fAap>JSJCEj:>:UC:a@N@^a?F:V? a@N@QPn@j:jX:N@nmX=j>>:_cZ:n^@J? vyyuy=:;JBB:qQBv:X;j;::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::5:" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 29 "First load the package linalg" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 13 "with(linalg):" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 30 "Enter the equations as follows" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 10 "f:=-2*x+y;" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 10 "g:=-y+x^2;" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 36 "The equilib rium points are given by " }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 23 "solve(\{f=0,g=0\},\{x,y\});" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 41 "The equilibrium points are( , ) and ( , )" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 107 "To find the Jacobian matrix of the system of equation s first represent the equations as a vector as follows" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 9 "v:=[f,g];" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 " " {TEXT -1 26 "Use the \"jacobian\" command" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 21 "J:=jacobian(v,[x,y]);" }}{PARA 11 "" 1 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 37 "At (0,0) substitute t he coordinates" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 28 "J00:=subs (x=0,y=0,evalm(J));" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 39 "The linear isation at (0,0) is therefore" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 21 " \+ " }{OLE 1 4116 1 "[xm]Br=WfoRrB:::wk;nyyI;G:;:j::>:B>N:F: nyyyyy]::yyyyyy::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::fyyyyya:nYf::G:jy;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::JcvGYMt>^:fBWMtNHm=;::::::: n:;JZC:bKB::>bFVsdVmHoq;V:B;:F::]KRnC=MtFGgml>:;::::::JGN:ry:>:<::::::=J:^F>: F:AlqfG[maNFO=;::::::::_J;vyyuy:>:<::::::AZ:^E>:nYN:<:^::G:IZ:>;F;N;;j ?>:S:UJ:n;v;;JBZAZ;>d:p^H[::::::::::j::yayQ:>:nyAj\\L:sf:F:MZ=nc;J;f<>:EJ:F[Z:^:n_;>=E:]c:=Z:f:V[v=>bAn[:JMTjAN;>ryiryu;Ew :Q:G;Sj`@@J:>r:f:J;D_mlVH[KRJ:<:::::::>=?R:>:?J:@>Z::::::::kJ:vYxI:;Z::::::Jyyyy[:::::::::::::vYx I:;Z::::::::::::::::::::yay=J:B::::::::jBjwEJ:uI<:[V:UDO;SKkEW _URxMf<l;F:>Zx;j>>:_kg@JTF:RM:_;yB;=J:fH:_;oc;=J:nHOo> JSVm=^@=:g=JSjfHj:>:g=[Z:VYZ:JBAJ:b:DZJVdscRYEUtT:C:[q:F;;JSdjg>d; F:;B:ukcG;N@njX=j;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::1:" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 35 "At (2,4) subst itute the coordinates" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 28 "J2 4:=subs(x=2,y=4,evalm(J));" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 49 "The linearisation at the point (2,4) is therefore" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 22 " " }{OLE 1 4116 1 "[xm]Br=WfoRrB:::w k;nyyI;G:;:j::>:B>N:F:nyyyyy]::yyyyyy::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::fyyyyya:nYf::G:jy;:::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::JcvGY Mt>^:fBWMtNHm=;:::::::n:;JZC:bKB::BGchDqfMwW:A:;D;:F::]KRnC=MtFGgml>:;::::::J GN:ry:>:<::::::=J:^F>:F:AlqfG[maNFO=;::::::::_J;vyyuy:>:<::::::AZ:^E>: nYN:<:^::G:IZ:>;F;N;;j?>:S:UJ:n;v;;JBknN\\=hHpLCHRu d:p^H[::::::::::j:nyyYZDjysyQj;J:>R<:TNC>:UTRcETcTX[US;SK]UW=EWMuU Wm>j\\@A:::cYH_WV>Z::::::::jysyA:CB:F:;jysy?:;:wy;fb>JZE:=j>r:;U::EJ:F[Z:^:n_;>=E:]c:=Z:f:V[v=>bAn ;n^@v;_jysy;B:K:;xyExyXjLIj?JMJ@fc[;>:;H:EZ:F;NZ:vCS=[LsfFaMR>@>Z::::: :::kJ;@:;J;>Z:vYxY:>Z::::::jD_=a=[;;B:::::::JF>:yay=J:B:: ::::nyyyYB:::::::::::::yay=J:B:::::::::::::::::::jysy:>:<::::::::Fjx]:JB[UDO;SKkEW_URxMJSvk=^F=:G;eZ: VY;><:[V:=:;b:^dcgg_WhZnc_whZNdigg[oG[KJSj ILj:>:e=JSJWTj:>:gMOG;N@qv:ck:Ju:N@>a=F:;jt:N@Fd?F:nH><X=j>>:_cZ:fAap>JSJ=Ej:>:UC:a@N@^^?F:V?a@N@q N\\@j:<:u;JSJXLj:jPjDjw;<:[V:B:D:c\\_;::f_;F:C:[Q:F;;JSVEmt:=Z:B:;@b:cC:;P?B:Gc;N;yyyxy:<:;JBB:qQBv:;B:;JXE:X=j;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::1:" }}}}{MARK "2 0 0" 13 }{VIEWOPTS 1 1 0 1 1 1803 }