{VERSION 3 0 "IBM INTEL NT" "3.0" } {USTYLETAB {CSTYLE "Maple Input" -1 0 "Courier" 0 1 255 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 }{CSTYLE "" -1 256 "" 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 } {PSTYLE "Normal" -1 0 1 {CSTYLE "" -1 -1 "" 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 }0 0 0 -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 }{PSTYLE "Maple Output" 0 11 1 {CSTYLE "" -1 -1 "" 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 }3 3 0 -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 }} {SECT 0 {EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT 256 14 "WORKED EXAMPLE" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 30 "Consider the nonlinear system\n" }{OLE 1 4112 1 "[xm]Br=WfoRrB:::wk;nyyI;G:;:j::>:B>N:F:nyyyyy]::yyyyyy::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::fyyyyya:nYf: :G:jy;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::JcvGYMt>^:fBWMtNHm=;:::::::n:;JZC:bKB::>v xvjI^xWnq;V:>r>Z:j:vCSmlJ::::::::::OJ;@jyyyyyy;jysy;Z:::::::^<>:F::]KR nC=MtFGgml>:;::::::JGN:ry:>:<::::::=J:^J>:F:AlqfG[maNFO=;::::::::_J;vy yuy:>:<::::::AZ:^E>:nYN:J:WJ:v;;JB:;::::: =B:wyyAb:;P:<:TNC>:UTRcETcTX[US;SK]UW=EWMuUWm>j\\@A:::cYH_WV; J:<::::::::yayY:^Z:j:>:yayQ:>:F^BJcM:Sr:F:MZ=nj;B:?jDJ:f:;j>D:Z:^:n_;>=E:]c:=Z:f:V[f>>fAn;n^@v;_jysy;B:KZ:> ryIsyA^AF_>V;n>^;UTR:;Jj=j@[;;B:::::::JFNZ;J:N:;B:y ayA:;B::::::f:D_=a=[;;B:::::::JF>:yay=J:B::::::nYyA<::::: :::::::jysy:>:<:::::::::::::::::::vYxI:;Z:::::::::]:qi:;fy>Z:JBAJ:UDO;SKkEW_URxLj:F;>:::::::::::N@yw:gm:J MjDB:qQ:[:JBAj:J:D:cTTUUSaEBWTSiEB_tUUURWmDDJ<<:Uk:^:>x;j>>:_ke@J`F:I:_;ge;=:mMO;_k_IJfF:FI:_;=w:=J:FI:_;KX;=:k=[Z:VYZ:JBAJ: b:DZJVdscRYEUtT:C:[q:F;;JSdje^e;FZ:>Z:fAap>JSJCEj:>:UC:a@N@^a?F:V? a@N@QPn@j:jX:N@nmX=j>>:_cZ:n^@J? vyyuy=:;JBB:qQBv:X;j;::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::1:" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 29 "First load the package linalg" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 13 "with(linalg):" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 30 "Enter the equations as follows" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 10 "f:=-2*x+y;" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 10 "g:=-y+x^2;" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 36 "The equilib rium points are given by " }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 23 "solve(\{f=0,g=0\},\{x,y\});" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 41 "The equilibrium points are( , ) and ( , )" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 107 "To find the Jacobian matrix of the system of equation s first represent the equations as a vector as follows" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 9 "v:=[f,g];" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 " " {TEXT -1 26 "Use the \"jacobian\" command" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 21 "J:=jacobian(v,[x,y]);" }}{PARA 11 "" 1 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 37 "At (0,0) substitute t he coordinates" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 28 "J00:=subs (x=0,y=0,evalm(J));" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 39 "The linear isation at (0,0) is therefore" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 21 " \+ " }{OLE 1 4112 1 "[xm]Br=WfoRrB:::wk;nyyI;G:;:j::>:B>N:F: nyyyyy]::yyyyyy::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::fyyyyya:nYf::G:jy;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::JcvGYMt>^:fBWMtNHm=;::::::: n:;JZC:bKB::>vxvjI^xWnq;V:>b>B:<:=ja^GE=;:::::::::N;?R:y yyyyyA:yayA:<::::::JDJ:j::F@[KaFFcmnnHEM:>:::::::oJ;Zy=J:B::::::F:;JlJ :j:VBYmp>HYLkNG>::::::::Nj>J?> :QJ:^;f;;JA>:YJ:>\\:B:wAyA:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::F:DZ:B::::::::::>FAVW?b[Qc>AfW@JSHRuTJ;:N\\=ph:>:;r;R:[DZGcMB::::::::::F Z:nyyYZDjysyQj;J:>R<:TNC>:UTRcETcTX[US;SK]UW=EWMuUWm>j\\@A:::cYH_WV>Z: :::::::jysyA:CB:F:;jysy?:;:wy;fb>JHE:=j>r:WT:N:e:;j<>:Mb:>Z:^::;H:EZ:F;NZ:vCS=[LsfFaMR>@>Z::::::::kJ;@:;J;>Z:vYxY:> Z::::::jD_=a=[;;B:::::::JF>:yay=J:B::::::nyyyYB:::::::::: :::yay=J:B:::::::::::::::::::jysy:>:<::::::::Fjx]:JBAZ:b:DJ:JSvk=^F=:G;eZ:VY;><:[V:=:;b:^d cgg_WhZnc_whZNdigg[oGSKJSjILj:>:e=JSJWTj:> :gMOG;N@qv:ck:Ju:N@Fe=F:;JuJBB:qAB:>l;>:DZaTXDpql`h`:f?;Jl ;Z:b:^DP@::jP@j:^:>X;j>>:_kgFe=F:r:N;<:C:[q:VZ:B:;::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::1:" }}{PARA 0 " " 0 "" {TEXT -1 0 "" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 35 "At (2,4) s ubstitute the coordinates" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "> " 0 "" {MPLTEXT 1 0 28 "J24:=subs(x=2,y=4,evalm(J));" }}}{EXCHG {PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 49 "The linearisation at the point (2,4) is therefore" }}{PARA 0 "" 0 "" {TEXT -1 22 " " }{OLE 1 4112 1 "[xm]Br=WfoRrB: ::wk;nyyI;G:;:j::>:B>N:F:nyyyyy]::yyyyyy:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::fyyyyya:nYf::G:jy;::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::Jc vGYMt>^:fBWMtNHm=;:::::::n:;JZC:bKB::BrWv=cYAwW:A:;D;:F::]KRnC=MtFGgml>:;:::: ::JGN:ry:>:<::::::=J:^F>:F:AlqfG[maNFO=;::::::::_J;vyyuy:>:<::::::AZ:^ E>:nYN:<:^::G:IZ:>;F;N;;j?>:S:UJ:n;;jA>:[B:MMCHrtRE _rZgE:;Jb<::::::::::=Jyyy;d:yayY;A:;JZC:bK_J:fc[_hb_ds?h_?^?GhoGf nGgioGM:ETV:::^xsNpkK:<::::::::yayY:^Z:j:>:yayQ:>:nyAj\\L:;h:F:MZ=>f;B :?jDJ:f:;j>D:;B:CZ:NZ;F:E:=b:yyyyI:E:M:;>ryiryu;Ew:Q:G;Sj`@@J:>r:f:J;D_mlVH[KRJ:< :::::::>=?R:>:?J:w@>Z::::::::kJ:vYxI: ;Z::::::Jyyyy[:::::::::::::vYxI:;Z::::::::::::::::::::yay=J:B::::::::j BjwEJ:uI<:[>DZ<>ZJfcN?^??inOh[sIC:US:F[:>Z:N`Dvc;NG=Z:n^:>JM:_kAIJlF:n >f<l;F:>Z@C:Uk:^:>x;j>>:_kg@JTF:R M:_;yB;=J:fH:_;oc;=J:nHOo>JSVm=^@=:g=JSJVHj:>:e=JSjbPj:JuJBB:qAB:>l;>: DZaTXDpql`h`:f?;Jl;Z:b:^DP@::jP@j:^:>X;j>>:_kgFe=F:RZD VM_e:=J:^@;P?B:Gc;N;yyyxy:<:;JBB:qQBv:;B:;JXE:X=j;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::3:" }}}}{MARK "2 0 0" 13 }{VIEWOPTS 1 1 0 1 1 1803 }